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Laboratory of Secondary Compounds

Head of laboratory, Doctor, Professor A.Shalashvili

Contacts

Phone: (995 32) 528607
E-mail: armazsh@mail.ru

Main Directions

Chemistry, biochemistry and biotechnology of secondary compounds (flavonoids, sterols, terpenoids, steroid glycosides, alkaloids, etc).

Research Activity

Antioxidant activity and antiradical efficiency of Georgian wines and flavonoid compounds have been studied.
It has been demonstrated that antioxidant activity and antiradical efficiency of flavonoid compounds of the Kakhetian wines significantly exceed those of European types of wine, indicating  their better medicative properties.
For the 19 – year period of ageing in wine prepared from Vitis vinifera variety “Rkatsiteli” the total amount of phenolic compounds, catechins and proanthocyanodines is significantly reduced, respectively, scavenging ability of free radicals is decreased.  Therefore, the use of young wine is preferable from medicinal point of view.
Antioxidant activity of  grape bioflavonoids and some standard flavonoids both in hydrophilic and lypophilic systems is arranged in the following order: quercetin> grape bioflavonoids>morin>fizetin>dihydroquercetine>?–tocopherol>apigenin>unsubstituted flavone. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids increases with the  increase of hydroxyl groups and depends on their location in a molecule.
Chemical composition and metabolism of flavonoid compounds and sterols in traditional and untraditional agricultural cultures of Georgia has been investigated.
The following compounds have been isolated and identified:
From fruit skin of grapevine(Vitis vinifera) variety “Saperavi”– anthocyans: cyanidin delphinidin – 3 – glucoside, petunidin -3 – glucoside,  malvidin-3 – glucoside, peonidin – 3 – glucoside.  From its leaves - flavones: myricetin – 3 – glucoside and quercetin – 3 – rhamnogluciside.
From leaves of persimmon (Diospyros kaki)- flavonols: quercetin – 3 –glucoside, isoquercetin and kaempferol – 3 – glucoside.
From fruit of kivi (Aetinida chinensis) – flavonols: kaempferol – 3 –rhamnoside, kaempferol – 3 –glucoside, quercetin – 3 – rhamnoside, quercetin–3–glucoside, quercetin – 3 –rhamnoglucoside.
From fruit of plum variety “Stenly” (Prunus domestica) – anthocyans: peonidin – 3 – arabinoside, cyanidin – 3 – arabopyranoside, cyanidin – 3 – arabofuranoside.
From leaves of walnut (Juglans regia) – flavonols: kaempferol – 3 –rhamnoside,  quercetin – 3 –arabinoside,  kaempferol – 3 –galactoside and  quercetin – 3 –galactoside.
From fruit of tangerine variety “Unshiu”( Citrus unshiu)  - flavones: naringenin – 7 – rutinoside, izosacuranetin – 7 - rutinoside, hesperetin – 7 - rutinoside, hesperetin – 7 – neohesperidoside, polymethoxylated flavones: senensetin, nobiletin, tangertin and 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, 41 – hepta – methoxyflavone.  High fungicidal activity of polymethylated flavones to fungi phoma Tracheiphila – pathogen of “mallsekko” desease has been shown. From its leaves - flavones: luteolin – 7 – rutinoside and  quercetin – 3 – rutinoside have been isolated.
From leaves of tangerine variety “Iveria” -C – glucosides -flavonols: apigenin – 6,8-di-C– glucosyl –O- glucoside, diosmetin -6,8-di-C-glucoside, luteolin 6,8 –C-glucoside and  211 – 0 –chrylosylvitexin.
From leaves of lemon variety “Mayer” (Citrus limonia) – flavanon– hesperidine, flavoneon – rutin, C – glycosides – izovitexin – 211  - 0 - glucoside and izovitexin – 7,211 – 0 – diglucoside.
From leaves  of orange variety “Washington navel”(Citrus sinensis) – flavones:  izoroifolin, scolimoside and rutin. From leaves of Grapefruit variety “Duncan”(Citrus paradise) – flavone: izoroifolin, flavanon – naringenin – 7 – 0 – neohesperidoside.
The methods for quantative determination of (+)–catechin,  izoroifolin, scolimoside and rutin have been worked out.
Metabolism of principle flavonoid glucosides of lemon variety “Kartuli” leaves  izoroifolin, scolimoside and rutin have been studied by the method of labeled carbon (C14). According to changes in content, total and specific radioactivities it has been determined  that in lemon leaves these compounds undergo intense metabolic transformations. Half – life of  izoroifolin, scolimoside and rutin are 30, 55 and 48 hours, respectively.   Endogenous(+) – catechin found in grapevine ”(Vitis vinifera)  variety “Rkatsiteli” seeds has been shown to be  an active metabolite with a half – life 55 hours, while in the skin of grapevine variety “Saperavi” endogenous malvidin – 3 – monoglucoside is the end product of metabolism. As seen, flavonoid transformation in grape depends both on the nature of flavonoid compound and physiological condition of the organ where synthesis takes place.
It has been stated that in grape variety “Rkatsiteli” the oxidative cleavage of (+) – catechin takes place. Besides, the products of transformation are used for biosynthesis of organic acids, amino acids and sugars. In green fruits, among the products of cleavage protocatechin acid has been detected.   It has been shown on the example of  plant growing in sterile conditions that in higher plants flavonoid compounds undergo deep metabolic transformation. The plant tissues are capable of cleavage of the benzene rings of catechin, anthocyanidine and flavonol molecules and use of the formed products as a building material for biosynthesis of various cell compounds and as a source of energy.
In leaves and roots of grapevine variety “Saperavi” ? – citosterin, stigmasterin and chlolesterol have been found.
In lemon variety “Dioscuria” and tangerine variety “Iveria” ? – citosterin,  chlolesterol, campesterol, stigmasterin and 24 – ethylen lophenol have been detected..
In fruit pulmp of grapefruit, orange and tangerine cultivated in Georgia the presence of chlolesterol, stigmasterin and ? – citosterin has been established.
From mulberry (Morus alba) leaves ? – citosterin, stigmasterin, 24 – ethylenlophenol and 24 – ethylidenlophenol have been isolated and identified.
Tissue and cellular culture of Yucca gloriosa, the producer of biologically active steroidal glecosides have been obtained. Dedifferentiated cells of Yucca gloriosa are capable of synthesis of steroidal glucosides.
Tissue culture of vegetative parts of Stevia raboudiana has been obtained. The technology of microclone reproduction which enables to get thousands of plant seedlings with one genotype has been elaborated by the influence of physical and chemical factors on dedifferentiated cells.
From hybrid somatic cells of Georgian lemon variety   and Poncirus trifoliate   callus tissue has been obtained. From this callus tissue a plant has been regenerated by induction of morphogenesy. Epigenetic changes in detoxification has been studied using a model of the plant isolated tissue. Isolated tissue of Yucca gloriosa in the exponential phase of growth actively begins assimilation of a soil pollutant – an explosive compound  trinitrotoluol.
From Rohdea japonica oligofurostanoside-specific glucosidase performing cleavage of oligofurostanosides and their further transformation into oligofurostanosides has been isolated

Members

  1. Shalashvili Armaz - Doctor, professor, head of laboratory
  2. Mitaishvili Teimuraz - Doctor, professor, chief scientist
  3. Targamadze Iraide – PhD, senior scientist
  4. Chrikishvili Dali – PhD, scientist
  5. Zambakhidze Natela – PhD, scientist
  6. Gogava Manana – PhD, Lab assistant
  7. Simonishvili Shorena – Lab assistant

Shalashvili Armaz

1935 – Born
1958 - Tbilisi State University
1970 - Candidate of Biological Sciences
1988 - Doctor of Biological Sciences
1970 - Head of Laboratory

Selected Publications

  1. Chkhikvishvili I., Shalashvili A.,  Pauunidze G.,Targamadze I., Meladze T. Polymethoxylated  flavones  and  flavonones  of  Citrus  flowers,  Bulletin of Georgian Academy of Sciences ,1996, 154, 1, 119-122.
  2. Tsiklauri G., Dadeshkeliani M., Shalashvili A. Flavonols  from  Chinese  Actinidia ( Actinidia  chinesis planch),   Bulletin of Georgian Academy of Sciences,  1998, 157, 2, 308-310.
  3. Kalandia M., Vanidze S., Papunidze I., Chkhikvishvili I., Shalashvili A. Bulletin of Georgian Academy of Sciences, 2001, 163, 1, 137-139.
  4. Shalashvili A., Zambakhidze N., Ugrekhelidze D.,  Parlar H., Leopold G., Kvesitadze G., Simonoshvili Sh. Antioxidant  activity  of  grape  bioflavonoids  and  some  flavonoid  standards,  Advances  in  Food  Sciences, 2002,24, 1,24- 29.
  5. Shalashvili A.,  Zambakhidze N.,  Targamadze I.,  Ugrekhelidze D.  Quantitative  changes  of  phenolic  compounds  and their  free  radical  scavenging capicity  at  ageing  of  Georgian  white  wines.   Bulletin of Georgian Academy of Sciences 2004, 170, 2, 376-378.
  6. Gamtsemlidze  E.G.,  Targamadze I.L.,  Shalashvili  A.G. A  method  of  quantitative  determination  of  flavones  and  flavonols, Georgian  Engineering  News, 2002,  4, 209- 211.
  7. Koridze Kh., Gurgenidze G., Bakradze M., Shalashvili A . Kinetics  of  endogenous  flavonoid  compounds  mrtabolism  in  leaves of  Georgian lemon  (Citrus  limon  Burm), Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, 2004, 30, 6,879-884.
  8. Gamtsemlidze E., Shalashvili A.,  Tsiklauri G. Flavonols  in the leaves  of  Eastern Diospyros Kaki.. Bulletin of Georgian Academy of Sciences, 2004,170, 3, 590-592.
  9. Samsonia Sh.,  Mentrshashvili M.,  Shalashvili A.,  Todadze B.  Mandarin  (Citrus  unshiu  Marc.)  peel  as new  source  for  obtaining sweet dihydrochalcon.  Bulletin of Georgian Academy of  Sciences ,  2004, 170, 3, 521-522.
  10. Menteshashvili M.,   Samsonia Sh.,  Shalashnili A.,  Targamadze I. Method  of  quantitative  determination  of  flavanones Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of Sciences Chem. Ser., 2005 ,31,   1-2,181-183.
  11. Kublashvili N.,  Shalashvili A.,  Ugrekhelidze D. Antioxidant  and  free-radical  scavenging  activity  of  tea  polyphrnol  complex.  Bulletin of Georgian Academy of Sciences, 2005,172, 2, 311- 313.
  12. Shalashvili  A.,  Zambakhidze N.,  Targamadze  I.,  Simonosvili Sh., Papunidze S.,  Ugrekhelidze D. Antiradical  efficiency  of  some flavonoid standards. Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, 2006, 4, 2, 23-26.

Grants of the Georgian Academy of Sciences

  1. 2000 – 2002 14.8.04. Investigation of polyphenols antioxidant activity
  2. 2002 – 2004 14.8.02. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Georgian wines

Mitaishvili Teimuraz

1940 – Born
1965 - Tbilisi State University
1970 - Candidate of Biological Sciences
1998 - Doctor of Biological Sciences

Selected Publications

  1. Mitaishvili T., Ugrekhelidze D., Arziani M. Peculiarites of aromatic xenobiotics biotransformation in plants.  Problems of Agrarian science, XI, 2000,127-131.
  2. Mitaishvili T., Ugrekhelidze D., Tsereteli B., Sadunishvili T. Transformation  of  enviromental  aromatic pollutants  by  higher  plants. Journal  of  Biological  Physics  and  Chrmistry,  2002, 2, 3/4, 123.
  3. Mitaishvili  T.,  Scalla R.,  Ugrekhelidze D.,  Tsereteli B.,  Sadunishvili T., Kvesitadze G. Degradation  of  aromatic  compounds  in  plants  grown  under aseptic conditions. Zeitschrift  fur  Naturforschung, 2005, 60 , 97- 102.
  4. Mitaishvili T.,  Chrikishvili D., Lomidze E.  Phenol conjugation  with  peptides and  final transformation  of  conjugates  in seedling, Applied  Biochemistry  and  Microbiology, 2005, 41, 6, 596-599.
  5. Mitaishvili T., Chrikishvili D., Zaalishvili G., Lomidze E.  Peptide conjugates of benzene and toluene metabolites . Russian Plant physiology, 2006, 53, 4,511-517.

Zambakhidze Natela

1940 – Born
1988 - Candidate of Biological Sciences

Selected Publications

  1. Chkhikvishvili D., Shalashvili A., Papunidze G., Targamadze I., Meladze T. Polymethoxylated  flavones  and  flavonones  of  Citrus  flowers.Bulletin of Georgian Academy of Sciences , 1996,154, 1119-122.
  2. Gamtsemlidze  E.G.,  Targamadze I.L.,  Shalashvili A.G. A  method  of  quantitative  determination  of  flavones  and  flavonols. Georgian  Engineering  News,  2002, 4,209- 211.
  3. Targamadze I., Mzhavanadze V.,  Zambakhidze  N., Tsiklauri  G., Papunidze  S.,  Shalashvili  A. Kinetics  of  endogenous  flavonoid  compounds  mrtabolism  in  leaves of  Georgian   lemon  (Citrus  limon  Burm). Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, 2004, 2, 5-6, 5-9.
  4. Shalashvili A., Zambakhidze N.,  Targamadze I., Ugrekhelidze D.  Quantitative  changes  of  phenolic   compounds  and their  free  radical scavenging capicity  at  ageing  of  Georgian  vwhite  wines. Bulletin of Georgian Academy of Sciences, 2004, 170, 2,376-378.
  5. Menteshashvili M., Samsonia Sh., Shalashnili A., Targamadze I.  Method  of  quantitative  determination  of  flavonones. Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of Science Chem. Ser., 2005, 31, 1-2, 181-183. 
  6. Barbakadze V.,  Kemertelidze E., Targamadze I., Mulkijanyan M., Shashkob A.  Poly [ 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric  acid ] ,  a new  biologically  active polimer  from Symphytum  asperum  Lenech  and  S. caucasium Bieb  ( Boraginaceae ).    Usov   Molelules, 2005 ,10,1135- 1144.
  7. Shalashvili  A.,  Zambakhidze N., Targamadze I., Simonosvili Sh., Papunidze S.,  Ugrekhelidze D. Antiradical  efficiency  of  some flavonoid standarâs. Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of  Sciences , 2006 ,4,  2, 23-26.

Grants of the Georgian Academy of Sciences

  1. 2000 – 2002 14.8.04. Investigation of polyphenols antioxidant activity.
  2. 2002 – 2004 14.8.02.  Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Georgian wines.

Chrikishvili Dali

1942 – Born
1964 - Tbilisi State University
1978 - Candidate of Biological Sciences

Selected Publications

  1. Durmishidze S., Beriashvili T., Chricishvili D., Maisuradze Ts.  Detoxification of aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes and acids in riegrass. Priklad. biochim. Microbiol, 1985, XXI 2, 46-251.
  2. Lomidze E.,  Jikia A., Miminoshvili T., Durmishidze S., Chrikishvili D.  Reaction of conjugation – principle  pathway of benzene utilization in higher plants. Dokladi AN USSR, 1986, 287,3, 741-744.
  3. Durmishidze S.,  Chrikishvili D.,  Devdariani  T. Conjugation of 3,4 – benzpirene and 1,2 – benzanthracene with plant peptides. Dokladi AN USSR,  1992,325,1, 164-167.
  4. Chrikishvili D.,  Lomidze E.,  Mitaishvili T.  Phenol conjugation with peptides and final transformations of conjugates in English ryegrass seedling. Applied Biochem. Microbiol. 2005,41,6596-599.
  5. Chrikishvili D., Sadunishvili T., Zaalishvili G. Benzoic acid transformation via conjugation with peptides and final fate of conjugates in higher plants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2006 ,64 ,90-399.
  6. Chrikishvili D.,  Zaalishvili G.,  Mitaishvili T.,  Lomidze E.  Peptide Conjugates of Benzene and toluene Metabolites in English Ryegrass. Plant Physiology, 2006, 53, 4,456-460.

International Grants

2001-2004 – ISTC G369 "Elaboration of methods of bioremediation of contaminated soils on former military locations and proving grounds in Georgia" (www.istc.ru)

Gogava Manana

1959 – Born
1984 - Tbilisi State University
1995 - Candidate of Biological Sciences

Selected Publications

  1. Gogava M., Gogoberidze M., VarsimaSvili Kh , Mamaladze M.  Effect of some components of area and light on steroid glycoside formation in cell culture (Yucca gloriosa L.). Plant resources, 1994, 3, 100-109.
  2. Gogava M., Gogoberidze M, Chkheidze E., Varsimashvili K.  Effect of annoxia and UV light on grouth and accumulation of steroid glycosides (saponins) of  Yucca gloriosa suspensio cultures.  Proceedings of the Georgian Academy of Sciences. 1994,  19, 3, 167-172,
  3. Gogoberidze M.K., Jaoshvili M.R., Gogava M.A, Chkheidze E.G. Regulation of biosynthesis pathways of steroid compounds in cell cultures from Yucca gloriosa L. Plant Letters, 1995, 2, 3.
  4. Gogoberidze M.K., Jaoshvili M.R., Gogava M.A, Varsimashvili Ch.I. Regulation of biologically active steroid glycosides accumulation in Yucca gloriosa in vitro cultures. 44-th Annual Congres of the Society for Medicinal Plant, Prague, 1996 ,106-107.
  5. Gogoberidze M.K., Gogava M.A, Varsimashvili Ch.I., Ramishvili M., Buadze O., Correlation between Ultraxtructure and Steroid Glycosides Content in Differentiated and Callus Tissue Cells of Yucca gloriosa. Bulletin of Georgian Academy of Sciences . 2003, 168, 1, 105-107.

Grants of the Georgian Academy of Sciences

  1. 2000 – 2001 14.10 – Obtaining of fungitoxic, antimicrobial and plant growth stimulatory steroid     glycosides from in vivo cultures of plants..
  2. 2002 – 2003 14.11.02 – Study of correlation between plant detoxificatory potential and biosynthesis of biologically active steroid glycosides on in vitro cell models.

International Grants

2001-2004 – ISTC G369 "Elaboration of methods of bioremediation of contaminated soils on former military locations and proving grounds in Georgia" (www.istc.ru)

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